A home inspection gives a buyer a detailed look at a property’s condition before completing a purchase. Conducted by a licensed home inspector, it is a professional evaluation of a home’s visible and accessible systems, including the roof, foundation, structure, plumbing, electrical, heating and cooling, and interior features.
Unlike an appraisal, which determines a home’s value for a lender, a home inspection documents how the home functions and identifies what components are in place at the time of the review. The inspector records their observations in a written report, providing a clear snapshot of the home’s current condition and helping buyers understand exactly what they are purchasing before finalizing the transaction.
Is a Home Inspection Required?
A home inspection is not required by a mortgage lender. Whether or not to have one is entirely the buyer’s decision. While inspections are commonly included in home purchases, they are conducted for the buyer’s benefit, not as a lending requirement.
Some buyers choose to move forward without an inspection based on their experience, comfort level, or the nature of the transaction. In competitive markets with multiple offers, buyers may decide to waive an inspection contingency to strengthen their offer. Others, such as investors or buyers with construction knowledge, may feel confident evaluating a property on their own.
Every situation is different. Factors such as market conditions, the buyer’s experience, and the intended use of the property all play a role in deciding whether a home inspection makes sense. Understanding what a home inspection includes can help buyers weigh their options and make the decision that best fits their circumstances.
What Happens During a Home Inspection
During a home inspection, the inspector performs a visual, non-invasive review of the property. Inspectors do not open walls or move heavy furniture, but they evaluate what can be safely accessed. Most inspections take two to four hours depending on the size, age, and condition of the home.
The inspector examines major systems and components, including:
- Roof, gutters, and attic spaces
- Foundation, basement, and structural components
- Electrical panels, outlets, and visible wiring
- Plumbing fixtures, water heaters, and visible piping
- Heating and cooling systems
- Windows, doors, ceilings, walls, and floors
Inspectors also look for signs of moisture, drainage problems, or ventilation issues.
Buyers are often encouraged to attend the inspection, so they can see the findings firsthand and ask questions during the process.
What to Expect on Inspection Day
On inspection day, the inspector arrives with tools such as ladders, moisture meters, and basic testing equipment. The process may take several hours, allowing the inspector to carefully review the home’s systems and components. During the inspection, the inspector notes any items that may need maintenance, monitoring, or further evaluation by a specialist.
The Home Inspection Report
After the inspection, buyers receive a written report, typically within 24 to 48 hours. The report includes descriptions of the home’s systems, photographs of inspected areas, and notes on items that require attention. It is designed to provide information about the home’s condition at the time of inspection. Most homes will have at least a few observations noted and the report helps buyers understand the home clearly.
What a Standard Inspection Does Not Include
A standard home inspection does not usually cover specialized testing, such as radon, sewer scope, termite or pest inspections, or mold evaluations. These can be added separately if needed.
Understanding the Full Picture
A home inspection provides a clear and detailed understanding of a property before completing a purchase. Reviewing the inspector’s findings allows buyers to make informed decisions, plan for maintenance or repairs, and move forward with confidence knowing what to expect from the home. The written report captures the condition of the home at the time of inspection and highlights items that may need attention now or in the future. Buyers can use this information to prioritize repairs, discuss concerns with their agent, or schedule specialist evaluations if needed.